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An outline, also called a hierarchical outline, is a list arranged to show hierarchical relationships and is a type of tree structure. It is used to present the main points or topics of a given subject, often used as a rough draft or summary of the content of a document.〔OED: "outline ''n.''3.a. In ''pl.'' The main features or general principles of a subject, proposal, etc. 3.b. A brief verbal or written description of something, giving a general idea of the whole but leaving details to be filled in; a rough draft, a summary. Also: a précis of a proposed article, novel, scenario, etc."〕 Preparation of an outline is an intermediate step in the process of writing a scholarly research paper, literature review, thesis or dissertation. A special kind of outline (integrated outline) incorporates scholarly sources into the outline before the writing begins. 〔Shields, Patricia M. 2004.(''Step by Step: Building a Research Paper.'' ) Stillwater OK: New Forums Press. ISBN 1-58107-117-5〕 Writers of fiction and creative nonfiction, such as Jon Franklin,〔''Writing for Story'', Penguin, 1994〕 may use outlines to establish plot sequence, character development and dramatic flow of a story, sometimes in conjunction with free writing. ''Merriam-Webster's manual for writers and editors'' (1998, p. 290) recommends that the section headings of an article should, when read in isolation, combine to form an outline of the article content. Garson (2002) distinguishes a 'standard outline', presented as a regular table of contents from a refined tree-like 'hierarchical outline', stating that "such an outline might be appropriate, for instance, when the purpose is taxonomic (placing observed phenomena into an exhaustive set of categories). ... hierarchical outlines are rare in quantitative writing, and the researcher is well advised to stick to the standard outline unless there are compelling reasons not to."〔G. David Garson, ''Guide to writing empirical papers, theses, and dissertations''. CRC Press, 2002, ISBN 978-0-8247-0605-0, chapter "Typical Outlines", pp. 23-34.〕 ==Outline organization== An outline is a list of items, organized according to some consistent principle.〔 Each item may be divided into additional sub-items. Each organizational level in an outline has at least two subcategories as advised by major style manuals in current use.〔The following is certainly not an exhaustive list of relevant style guides: : * : * : * : * : * 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Outline (list)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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